| 647 | 17 | 34 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
硫代硫酸盐因绿色无毒、浸金速率快、试剂价格便宜等优点被认为是最有前景的氰化替代试剂。系统综述了硫代硫酸盐浸金体系的工艺研究与发展现状,重点阐述了不同硫代硫酸盐浸金体系的工作原理,并针对传统硫代硫酸盐体系存在的问题与对策进行了讨论,分析了无氨-硫代硫酸盐浸金体系潜在的工业应用前景。新型硫代硫酸盐体系的开发与应用将为推动我国黄金行业技术进步和健康可持续发展提供理论借鉴和技术支撑。
Abstract:Thiosulfate is considered the most promising alternative reagent for cyanide due to its green, non-toxic, fast gold leaching rate and cheap reagent price.A systematic review of the development state of thiosulfate leaching systems was provided, and the principles of different thiosulfate leaching systems were emphatically described.The problems and countermeasures of conventional thiosulfate leaching systems were discussed, and the potential industrial applications of non-ammonia thiosulfate leaching systems were analyzed.The development and application of the new thiosulfate system will provide theoretical reference and technical support to promote technological progress and healthy sustainable development of gold mining industry in China.
[1] AYLMORE M G.Alternative lixiviants to cyanide for leaching gold ores[J].Developments in Mineral Processing,2005,15(5):501-539.
[2] HILSON G,MONHEMIUS A.Alternatives to cyanide in the gold mining industry:what prospects for the future?[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2006.14(12/13):1158-1167.
[3] MANCHESTER K L.Man of destiny:the life and work of Fritz Haber[J].Endeavour,2002,26(2):64-69.
[4] WHITE H.The solubility of gold in thiosulphates and thiocyanates[J].South African Journal of Science,1905,1(1):211-215.
[5] LIDDELL D M.Handbook of nonferrous metallurgy:vol.recovery of metals[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1945.
[6] BEREZOWSKY G S,SEFTON V B,GORMELY L S.Recovery of precious metals from metal sulphides:US4070182[P].1978-06-24.
[7] BEREZOWSKY G S,SEFTON V B.Recovery of gold and silver from oxidation leach residues by ammoniacal thiosulphate leaching[A].New Orleans:108th AIME Annual Meeting,1979:17-34.
[8] KERLEY J B J.Recovery of precious metals from difficult ores:US4369061[P].1983-01-18
[9] KERLEY J B J.Recovery of precious metals from difficult ores:US4269622[P].1981-05-26.
[10] GONG Q,HU J.Treatment of sulfide gold concentrate containing copper with thiosulfate solution[J].Engineering Chemistry and Metallurgy,1990,11(2):145-151.
[11] SITANDO O,SENANAYAKE G,DAI X,et al.A review of factors affecting gold leaching in non-ammoniacal thiosulfate solutions including degradation and in-situ generation of thiosulfate[J].Hydrometallurgy,2018,178:151-175.
[12] WAN R Y,LEVIER K M,CLAYTON R B.Hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of precious metal values from precious metal ores with thiosulfate lixiviant:US5354359[P].1994-10-11.
[13] WAN R Y,LEVIER K M.Solution chemistry factors for gold thiosulfate heap leaching[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2003,72(1/2/3/4):311-322.
[14] CHOI Y,BARON J,WANG Q.Thiosulfate processing:from lab curiosity to commercial application[C]//Brisbane:Proceedings of the World Gold,2013:45-50.
[15] HISKEY J B,ATLURI V P.Dissolution chemistry of gold and silver in different lixiviants[J].Mineral Processing & Extractive Metallurgy Review,2007,4(1/2):95-134.
[16] GROSSE A C,DICINOSKI G W,SHAW M J.Leaching and recovery of gold using ammoniacal thiosulfate leach liquors:a review[J].Hydrometallurgy,2003,69(1/2/3):1-21.
[17] WEBSTER J G.The solubility of gold and silver in the system gold-silver-sulfur-oxygen-water at 25 ℃ and 1 atm[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1986,50(9):1837-1845.
[18] SENANAYAKE G.Gold leaching in non-cyanide lixiviant systems:critical issues on fundamentals and applications[J].Minerals Engineering,2004,17(6):785-801.
[19] AYLMORE M.Thiosulfate as an alternative lixiviant to cyanide for gold ores[M]//Gold Ore Processing.Amsterdam:Elsevier,2016:485-523.DOI:10.1016/S0167-4528(05)15022-4.
[20] ZHANG S,NICOL M.An electrochemical study of the dissolution of gold in thiosulfate solutions.Part I:alkaline solutions[J].Journal of Applied Electrochemistry,2003,33(9):767-775.
[21] AYLMORE M G,MUIR D M.Thiosulfate leaching of gold:a review[J].Minerals Engineering,2001,14(2):135-174.
[22] ABBRUZZESE C,FORNARI P,MASSIDDA R.Thiosulphate leaching for gold hydrometallurgy[J].Hydrometallurgy,1995,39(1/2/3):265-276.
[23] WAN R.Importance of solution chemistry for thiosulphate leaching of gold[C]//Proceedings of the World Gold 97,Singapore,1997:159-162.
[24] SENANAYAKE G.Analysis of reaction kinetics,speciation and mechanism of gold leaching and thiosulfate oxidation by ammoniacal copper (Ⅱ) solutions[J].Hydrometallurgy,2004,75(1/2/3/4):55-75.
[25] ARIMA H,FUJITA T,YEN W T.Using nickel as a catalyst in ammonium thiosulfate leaching for gold extraction[J].Materials Transactions,2004,45(2):516-526.
[26] ARIMA H,FUJITA T,YEN W T.Gold recovery from nickel catalyzed ammonium thiosulfate solution by strongly basic anion exchange resin[J].Materials Transactions,2003,44(10):2099-2107.
[27] XU B,YANG Y B,LI Q.Stage leaching of a complex polymetallic sulfide concentrate:focus on the extraction of Ag and Au[J].Hydrometallurgy,2016,159:87-94.
[28] XU B,LI K,DONG Z L.Eco-friendly and economical gold extraction by nickel catalyzed ammoniacal thiosulfate leaching-resin adsorption recovery[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2019,233:1475-1485.
[29] LIU X L,XU B,YANG Y B,et al.Thermodynamic analysis of ammoniacal thiosulphate leaching of gold catalysed by Co(Ⅲ)/Co(Ⅱ) using Eh-pH and speciation diagrams[J].Hydrometallurgy,2018,178:240-249.
[30] XU B,LI K,LI Q.Kinetic studies of gold leaching from a gold concentrate calcine by thiosulfate with cobalt-ammonia catalysis and gold recovery by resin adsorption from its pregnant solution[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2019,213:368-377.
[31] JI J,FLEMING C,WEST-SELLS P G.A novel thiosulfate system for leaching gold without the use of copper and ammonia[C]//Hydrometallurgy 2003:5th International Symposium Honoring Professor Ian M.Ritchie,2003:227-244.
[32] SITANDO O,DAI X,SENANAYAKE G.Gold dissolution in non-ammoniacal thiosulphate solutions:comparison of fundamentals and leaching studies[C]//The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy:World Gold Conference.Johannesburg,2015-01-16.
[33] BEK R Y,SHEVTSOVA O.The effect of thallium ions on the gold dissolution rate in thiosulfate electrolytes[J].Russian Journal of Electrochemistry,2012,48(11):1046-1051.
[34] XU B,LI K,ZHONG Q,et al.Study on the oxygen pressure alkaline leaching of gold with generated thiosulfate from sulfur oxidation[J].Hydrometallurgy,2018,177:178-186.
[35] YANG Y B,GAO W,XU B,et al.Study on oxygen pressure thiosulfate leaching of gold without the catalysis of copper and ammonia[J].Hydrometallurgy,2019,187:71-80.
[36] SENANAYAKE G.Role of copper(Ⅱ),carbonate and sulphite in gold leaching and thiosulphate degradation by oxygenated alkaline non-ammoniacal solutions[J].Minerals Engineering,2005,18(4):409-426.
[37] BARON J,CHOI Y,JEFFREY M.Double-refractory carbonaceous sulfidic gold ores[M]//Gold Ore Processing.Amsterdam:Elsevier.2016,909-918.
[38] JEFFREY M,HEWITT D,DAI X.Ion exchange adsorption and elution for recovering gold thiosulfate from leach solutions[J].Hydrometallurgy,2010,100(3/4):136-143.
[39] CHEN X,YEN W T.Process for extracting gold from gold-bearing ore:US7985277[P].2011-07-26
[40] YU H,ZI F T,HU X Z.The copper-ethanediamine-thiosulphate leaching of gold ore containing limonite with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as the synergist[J].Hydrometallurgy,2014,150:178-183.
[41] CHEN X,YEN W T.Effect of lead ion and minerals on thiosulfate-gold leaching[C]//Hydrometallurgy 2008:6th International of Symposium.Littleton,2008:760-768.
[42] GUO L X,HU X Z,ZI F T.Substitution recovery of gold from copper-ethylenediamine-thiosulfate leaching solution with copper power[J].Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals,2018,59(3):261-268.
[43] WANG Q,HU X Z,ZI F T.Environmentally friendly extraction of gold from refractory concentrate using a copper-ethylenediamine-thiosulfate solution[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2019,214:860-872.
[44] CHANDRA I,JEFFREY M.A fundamental study of ferric oxalate for dissolving gold in thiosulfate solutions[J].Hydrometallurgy,2005.77(3/4):191-201.
[45] HEATH J,JEFFREY M,ZHANG H.Anaerobic thiosulfate leaching:development of in situ gold leaching systems[J].Minerals Engineering,2008,21(6):424-433.
[46] ZHANG H,NICOL M,STAUNTON W.An electrochemical study of an alternative process for the leaching of gold in thiosulfate solutions[M]//Quebec:The Canadian Institute of Mining,Metallurgy and Petroleum,Treatment of Gold Ores,2005:243-257.
[47] ZHANG H,JEFFREY M.A study of pyrite catalysed oxidation of thiosulfate[C]//Hydrometallurgy 2008:Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium.Phoenix,2008:769-778.
[48] WANG J,XIE F,WANG W.Eco-friendly leaching of gold from a carbonaceous gold concentrate in copper-citrate-thiosulfate solutions[J].Hydrometallurgy,2020,191:105204.DOI:10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.105204.
[49] WANG J,XIE F,PAN Y,et al.Leaching of gold with copper-citrate-thiosulfate solutions[J].Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review,2021,43(7):916-925.
[50] CHEN J N,XIE F,WANG W,et al.Leaching of a carbonaceous gold concentrate in copper-tartrate-thiosulfate solutions[J].Minerals Engineering,2022,183:107605.DOI:10.1016/j.mineng.2022.107605.
[51] CHEN J N,XIE F,WANG W,et al.Leaching of gold and silver from a complex sulfide concentrate in copper-tartrate-thiosulfate solutions[J].Metals,2022,12(7):1152.DOI:10.3390/met12071152.
[52] CHEN X,YEN W T,DESCHENES G.Improvement of thiosulfate stability in gold leaching[J].Mining,Metallurgy & Exploration,2003,20(2):68-72.
[53] BREUER P L,JEFFREY M I.The reduction of copper(Ⅱ) and the oxidation of thiosulfate and oxysulfur anions in gold leaching solutions[J].Hydrometallurgy,2003,70(1/2/3):163-173.
[54] ZHANG X M,SENANAYAKE G.A review of ammoniacal thiosulfate leaching of gold:an update useful for further research in non-cyanide gold lixiviants[J].Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review,2016,37(1/2/3/4/5/6):385-411.
[55] LANGHANS J W,LEI K P V,CARNAHAN T G.Copper-catalyzed thiosulfate leaching of low-grade gold ores[J].Hydrometallurgy,1992,29(1):191-203.
[56] AYLMORE M G.Treatment of a refractory gold-copper sulfide concentrate by copper ammoniacal thiosulfate leaching[J].Minerals Engineering,2001,14(6):615-637.
[57] AAZAMI M,LAPIDUS G,AZADEH A.The effect of solution parameters on the thiosulfate leaching of Zarshouran refractory gold ore[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2014,131:43-50.
[58] XU B,YANG Y B,JIANG T.Improved thiosulfate leaching of a refractory gold concentrate calcine with additives[J].Hydrometallurgy,2015,152:214-222.
[59] ZHANG H,DAI X,BREUER P.Factors affecting gold leaching in thiosulfate-O2 solutions[C]//Cyanide Alleviation Forum,Proceedings of the ALTA 2013 Gold Sessions.Perth,2013.
[60] SMITH S R,ZHOU C,BARON J Y.Elucidating the interfacial interactions of copper and ammonia with the sulfur passive layer during thiosulfate mediated gold leaching[J].Electrochimica Acta,2016,210:925-934.
[61] WATLING K,HOPE G A,JEFFREY M I.Surface products on gold leached in ammoniacal copper(Ⅱ) thiosulfate solution[J].The Electrochemical Society,2006,2(3):121-132.
[62] JEFFREY M,WATLING K,HOPE G.Identification of surface species that inhibit and passivate thiosulfate leaching of gold[J].Minerals Engineering,2008,21(6):443-452.
[63] CHEN J Y,DENG T,ZHU G C,et al.Leaching and recovery of cold in thiosulfate-based system:a research summary at ICM[J].Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals,1996,49(6):841-849.
[64] FENG D,DEVENTER J.Thiosulphate leaching of gold in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)[J].Minerals Engineering,2010,23(2):143-150.
[65] ZELINSKY A G,NOVGORODTSEVA O N.Effect of thiourea on the rate of anodic processes at gold and graphite electrodes in thiosulfate solutions[J].Electrochimica Acta,2013,109:482-488.
[66] XU B,YANG Y B,LI Q.Effect of common associated sulfide minerals on thiosulfate leaching of gold and the role of humic acid additive[J].Hydrometallurgy,2017,171:44-52.
[67] FENG D,VAN DEVENTER J.Effect of hematite on thiosulphate leaching of gold[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2007,82(3):138-147.
基本信息:
中图分类号:TF831
引用信息:
[1]符岩,陈俊南,谢锋,等.硫代硫酸盐浸金技术研究现状[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2023(12):43-53.
基金信息:
中央高校基本科研业务费项目(N182502044)
2023-11-21
2023-11-21