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以某典型铜矿区废石场和尾矿库周边土壤为研究对象，采集并分析了矿区周边表层土壤重金属Cd、Pb、As、Cu、Cr(Ⅵ)、Ni、Hg的含量和空间分布特征，结合地累积指数法评价了土壤重金属污染水平，并对矿区土壤重金属污染健康风险进行了评估。结果表明，研究区局部区域存在土壤酸化问题，土壤Pb和As最大超标倍数分别为7.55倍和47.83倍，42.86%和67.86%的样品超过了国家土壤筛选值标准限值，Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb、As和Hg平均含量均大于当地背景值且存在明显的空间变异；Cd、Cu、Pb、As和Hg地累积指数较高，在重度至极度污染等级(等级5和等级6)中的占比分别为50%、46.42%、42.85%、35.71%和3.57%；经口摄入途径是土壤重金属引发人体健康致癌风险的最主要暴露途径，其中砷的致癌风险指数为2.91×10-4～1.60×10-3，非致癌风险指数为3.93～21.60，存在健康危害风险。铜矿区工业活动会引起周边土壤环境风险，研究结果为后续铜矿区周边土壤污染防治提供科学依据。
Abstract：Taking the soil around the waste rock yard and tailings pond in a typical copper mining area as the research object, the contents and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals Cd, Pb, As, Cu, Cr( Ⅵ), Ni and Hg in the surface soil around the mining area were collected and analyzed. The soil heavy metal pollution level was evaluated by combining the geo-cumulation index method, and the health risk of heavy metal pollution in the mining area soil was assessed. The results show that 25% of the samples in the study area have a pH value less than 6, and there is a problem of soil acidification in some local areas. The average values of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, As and Hg in the soil are 5.03, 1 071.21, 39.43, 1 217.07, 351.12 and 0.34 mg/kg respectively. The contents of these heavy metals are all greater than the local background values. In addition, As, Cd, Pb, Hg and Cu show extremely high variations,while Ni shows high variations. This indicates that the above elements are significantly enriched in the local area and there are obvious spatial variations. Especially in the downstream area of the East waste rock dump, the pollution is more prominent. Among them, the maximum over-limit multiples of Pb and As are 7.55 times and 47.83 times respectively, and 42.86% and 67.86% of the samples of Pb and As exceed the national soil screening value standard limits respectively. The cumulative indices of Cd, Cu, Pb, As and Hg are relatively high. The average values of Igeo are 3.23, 3.74, 0.28, 2.89, 2.86 and 0.74 respectively, and the proportions in the severe to extremely polluted grades(grades 5 and 6) are 50%, 46.42%, 42.85%, 35.71% and 3.57% respectively. It is obtained through health risk assessment that the carcinogenic risk index(CR) of heavy metals to human health under different exposure routes is shown as CRoral>CRskin>CRrespiratory. The oral intake route is the most important exposure route for soil heavy metals to cause carcinogenic risks to human health. Among them, the carcinogenic risk index of soil heavy metal arsenic ranges from 2.91×10-4 to 1.60×10-3. The non-carcinogenic risk index ranges from 3.93 to 21.60, indicating a risk of health hazards. Industrial activities in copper mining areas can cause risks to the surrounding soil environment.Unorganized emissions from waste rock dumps, the loss of acidic water, and the sedimentation of atmospheric dust and other mining activities have exacerbated the risk of heavy metal pollution in the soil. This study provides a scientific basis for the subsequent prevention and control of soil pollution around copper mining areas.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2025.07.021
中图分类号:X53;X758
引用信息:
[1]孟磊,陈晓辉,徐丽春,等.典型铜矿区周边土壤重金属污染特征与风险评估[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2025(07):207-214.DOI:10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2025.07.021.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3707600）
2025-06-12
2025
2025-06-17
2025-06-17
2025
1
2025-07-03
2025-07-03