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我国高纯石英资源储量丰富，但优质矿源占比不足1%，且杂质赋存形式复杂，难以满足4N8级以上高纯石英砂作为半导体、光纤和光伏等战略性新兴产业关键需求的要求。系统梳理了高纯石英中杂质的主要赋存形式，包括脉石矿物、包裹体及晶格缺陷，并综述了浮选、酸浸、焙烧等主流提纯技术的研究进展。浮选、酸浸、焙烧等主流提纯技术虽已取得一定进展，但仍面临诸多挑战：浮选工艺中药剂选择与环保性存在矛盾，常规酸浸技术受限于动力学效率，氯化焙烧过程中易引入新的杂质元素。此外，微生物浸出、微波辅助酸浸、真空焙烧等新型技术虽展现出良好的应用前景，但在工艺标准化和工业化适配性方面仍需进一步优化。当前技术存在的原料适应性差、工艺标准化不足及环境成本高等问题，导致4N8级以上高端产品仍依赖进口。未来应重点发展绿色低耗提纯技术，如开发无氟环保型浮选捕收剂、引入超声或微波强化酸浸工艺、优化梯度控温焙烧流程等，并构建基于地质成矿特征的原料分级评价体系，结合矿物包裹体分布规律与晶格缺陷微观分析，制定针对性预处理方案，提升不同成因石英的原料利用率。同时，推动全产业链协同创新，涵盖原料勘探、选矿预处理、精细提纯、尾渣资源化利用等环节，建立智能化工艺调控系统，实现经济效益与环境效益的双赢，从而支撑我国在高纯石英领域实现从原料保障到高端制造的全面突破，助力战略性新兴产业的安全、自主与可持续发展。
Abstract：China is endowed with abundant quartz resources, among which high-purity quartz serves as a critical raw material for strategic emerging industries such as semiconductors, optical fibers, and photovoltaics. However, despite the large overall reserves, high-quality ore sources suitable for producing 4N8-grade quartz sand account for less than 1%. The complexity of impurity occurrence forms, including gangue minerals, fluid inclusions and lattice defects, present significant challenges to efficient purification and limit the domestic production capacity of high-purity quartz products. This paper systematically reviews the main forms and geological origins of impurities in high-purity quartz. Gangue minerals, such as feldspar, mica, and iron-bearing minerals, can be either loosely associated or chemically/physically bonded to quartz crystals, requiring differentiated separation strategies. Fluid inclusions, especially nanoscale gas-liquid inclusions, are difficult to remove due to their small size and deep embedding within the crystal lattice. Lattice defects, including silicon and oxygen vacancies, not only act as carriers for trace metal elements but also affect the optical and electrical properties of quartz. Understanding these occurrence mechanisms provides a theoretical basis for optimizing purification processes. The study further summarizes recent advances in mainstream purification technologies, including flotation, acid leaching, and roasting. Flotation has achieved effective separation of quartz from feldspar through mixed collectors; however, the use of fluorine-containing reagents raises environmental concerns. Conventional acid leaching methods suffer from low kinetic efficiency and incomplete removal of micro-inclusions and adsorbed impurities. Chlorination roasting effectively removes metallic impurities but risks introducing new contaminants via chloride reagents. Emerging technologies such as bioleaching, microwave-assisted acid leaching, and vacuum roasting show potential in improving purification efficiency while reducing environmental impact; however, they face challenges related to process standardization and industrial scalability. Currently, technical bottlenecks such as poor raw material adaptability, insufficient process standardization, and high environmental costs hinder the mass production of highend quartz products, resulting in continued reliance on imports. To address these issues, future research should focus on the development of green and low-consumption purification technologies. This includes the design of fluoride-free flotation collectors, application of ultrasound or microwave to enhance acid leaching kinetics, and optimization of gradient temperature-controlled roasting to improve inclusion removal without damaging the quartz structure. Moreover, it is essential to establish a resource classification and evaluation system based on geological mineralization characteristics. Integrating mineral inclusion distribution patterns with lattice defect analysis will enable targeted pre-treatment strategies that significantly improve the utilization rate of different genetic types of quartz ores. Additionally, coordinated innovation across the entire industrial chain, from raw material exploration and beneficiation preprocessing to fine purification and residue resource utilization, is necessary to build a sustainable supply system. In conclusion, achieving breakthroughs in high-purity quartz purification requires interdisciplinary integration and technological innovation. By establishing intelligent process control systems and promoting closed-loop treatment of fluorine and chlorine emissions, China can transition from resource assurance to high-end manufacturing in the high-purity quartz industry. This will not only enhance the self-reliance of key sectors but also support the secure, autonomous, and sustainable development of strategic emerging industries.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2026.02.003
中图分类号:TD97
引用信息:
[1]包申旭,刘建磊,张联盟,等.高纯石英原料杂质赋存形式与提纯技术研究进展[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2026(02):257-274.DOI:10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2026.02.003.
基金信息:
中国工程院院地合作战略研究与咨询重大项目(2024-DFZD-01); “协同”行动计划(广西区域创新能力提升计划)项目(桂科XT2504240003)~~
2025-06-07
2025
2025-07-04
2025
1
2026-02-06
2026-02-06