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在全球“双碳”目标推进背景下，有色冶金行业面临严峻的减排与能效提升压力。镁作为典型轻质金属，兼具重要应用价值与战略意义，被誉为21世纪最具前景的绿色工程材料。但镁在冶炼过程中存在高能耗、高碳排放及废渣污染等问题，这些问题已成为制约镁行业绿色可持续发展的关键瓶颈。本文从清洁冶金视角出发，系统梳理电解法、皮江法等主流镁冶金工艺的技术特征，深入剖析制约其环保性能的核心技术瓶颈；在此基础上，总结近年来镁冶炼工艺在节能降碳方面的优化成果，并重点阐述真空碳热还原、真空铝热还原、电内热法快速炼镁、复式竖罐免精炼原镁冶炼、南非MTMP法等新兴技术在能效提升与排放削减方面的研究进展及工程应用潜力，并提出了未来镁绿色低碳冶金技术展望，旨在为镁工业的高质量发展提供技术路径参考。
Abstract：Against the backdrop of the global pursuit of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality( "Dual-Carbon" goals), the non-ferrous metallurgy industry faces mounting challenges in emission reduction and energy efficiency enhancement. Magnesium, as a typical lightweight metal, holds both significant application value and strategic importance. Widely regarded as one of the most promising green engineering materials of the 21 st century, magnesium plays an increasingly critical role in transportation, aerospace, electronics, and emerging energy industries. However, its production is constrained by inherent shortcomings such as high energy consumption, considerable carbon emissions, and secondary pollution caused by solid waste. These issues have become major bottlenecks that hinder the sustainable and green development of the magnesium industry. This study systematically reviews mainstream magnesium smelting processes, with a focus on the electrolysis process and the Pidgeon process, from the perspective of clean metallurgy. The technical characteristics of each route are discussed in detail, and particular attention is given to the environmental and technical barriers that restrict their performance in energy saving and emission reduction. Furthermore, the paper highlights the progress achieved in process optimization over recent years, especially in lowering carbon intensity and improving resource efficiency across magnesium production chains. Building on these insights, the article presents an in-depth analysis of several emerging technologies that have demonstrated substantial potential in addressing the ecological and economic limitations of conventional methods. Among these are vacuum carbothermal reduction, vacuum aluminothermic reduction, and internalheating electrolysis for rapid magnesium smelting, which have been reported to significantly reduce reaction energy requirements and minimize carbon release. In addition, novel process designs such as the double vertical retort technology for refining-free magnesium production and the South African MTMP(Magnesium Thermal Metallurgical Process) approach are introduced, showcasing their advantages in terms of energy efficiency, operational safety, and integration with low-carbon energy sources. The comparative evaluation of these technologies emphasizes both their research progress and their prospective industrial applications, underlining the role of process innovation in steering the magnesium sector toward greener pathways. The review also discusses key technical challenges that remain unresolved, such as scaling up pilot technologies to industrial production, integrating renewable energy into smelting operations, managing by-products effectively, and ensuring cost competitiveness in a carbon-constrained global market. Finally, the article offers an outlook on the future development of magnesium metallurgy under the green and low-carbon paradigm. It advocates for the coordinated advancement of innovative reduction methods, cleaner energy utilization, and waste valorization strategies. The convergence of advanced process engineering, digitalized metallurgical management, and carbon reduction policies is expected to form a comprehensive roadmap for the highquality, sustainable development of the magnesium industry. By synthesizing current progress and projecting future directions, this work aims to provide a technical reference for industry stakeholders and policymakers engaged in shaping a cleaner, more resilient magnesium production system.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2025.11.001
中图分类号:TF822
引用信息:
[1]陈建东,郝泰旭,史美清,等.镁绿色低碳冶金技术研究进展[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2025(11):1-15.DOI:10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2025.11.001.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(52121004)
2025-08-05
2025
2025-09-08
2025-09-09
2025
1
2025-09-18
2025-09-18
2025-09-18