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针对传统钒渣提钒工艺高污染、高能耗问题，本研究提出一种基于机械活化预处理的无盐低温焙烧—低酸选择性浸出新工艺。以转炉钒渣为对象，经过20 min球磨活化，中位粒径降至10μm以下，含钒尖晶石相发生晶格畸变与非晶化，反应活性显著提升。活化后，钒渣氧化反应活化能下降，DTG峰值温度由781℃降至580℃，最佳焙烧温度从950℃降至800℃，时间缩短至1.5 h。硫酸浸出浓度由180 g/L降至120 g/L，在液固比5 mL/g、温度60℃、时间120 min的条件下，钒浸出率达到97.5%（较未活化渣86%提升约12个百分点），Fe、Cr浸出率低于1%,Mn为48.96%，实现高选择性提钒。该工艺破解了无盐焙烧的高温高酸瓶颈，为钒资源清洁高效提取提供了理论与工业化应用支撑。
Abstract：Traditional vanadium extraction processes from vanadium slag are accompanied by high energy consumption and serious environmental pollution due to salt additives and high-temperature roasting. Salt-free low-temperature roasting and low-acid selective leaching process assisted by mechanical activation pretreatment was adopted to address these problems. Converter vanadium slag generated from steelmaking was employed as the raw material, and mechanical activation was adopted as core measure in this process, exploring the structure and phase transformation mechanism of vanadium slag during the mechanical activation process, determining the optimal roasting and leaching conditions, and investigating the leaching laws of vanadium and its associated elements. The slag was subjected to planetary ball milling for 20 minutes, resulting in a median particle size below 10 μm. The mechanical activation induced lattice distortion and partial amorphization of the vanadiumbearing spinel phase, enhancing its reactivity. Thermal analysis indicates that the oxidation activation energy of the vanadium slag decreases after mechanical activation. The DTG peak temperature is reduced from 781 ℃ to 580 ℃, demonstrating that the oxidation reaction is promoted. The optimal roasting temperature decreases from 950 ℃ to 800 ℃, the required roasting time is shortened to 1.5 hours, leading to a reduction in energy consumption. Leaching experiments further reveal that the activated slag exhibit excellent acid leaching performance. When the sulfuric acid concentration is reduced from 180 g/L to 120 g/L, a high vanadium leaching efficiency of 97.5% is achieved under a liquid-solid ratio of 5 mL/g, leaching temperature of 60 °C, and reaction time of 120 minutes. Compared with the unactivated slag, the vanadium leaching efficiency increases by approximately 12 percentage points. The leaching efficiency of Fe and Cr is both below 1%, Mn is 48.96%, indicating a high degree of selectivity for vanadium extraction. The results demonstrate that mechanical activation promotes the conversion and dissolution of vanadiumbearing phases while lowering the requirements for roasting and leaching conditions. Based on the experimental data, intrinsic promotion mechanism of mechanical energy on vanadium phase transformation and impact on migration of vanadium and its associated elements is clarified. Mechanical activation is found to disrupt the spinel lattice structure, induce new phase formation, and reduce activation energy for oxidation and dissolution reactions. This process achieves both low-temperature roasting and low acid leaching under salt-free conditions. It reduces the emission of gaseous pollutants and acid consumption while maintaining high vanadium recovery efficiency. This work provides theoretical insights for the clean, efficient, and low-carbon extraction of vanadium from converter slag.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2026.03.015
中图分类号:TF841.3
引用信息:
[1]王稚铜,马驭国,牛浩睿,等.基于机械活化预处理的钒渣无盐焙烧工艺：实现低温低酸高效提钒[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2026(03):620-633.DOI:10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2026.03.015.
基金信息:
矿物加工科学与技术国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(BGRIMM-KJSKL-2024-04); 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904505,2022YFC2904201)~~
2025-10-20
2025
2025-11-25
2025-11-26
2025
1
2026-02-28
2026-02-28