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含砷烟尘是有色金属冶炼行业中一种常见的副产物，因其含有铅锌铜铋等多种有价金属而具有较高的回收价值。但烟尘中高含量的砷及复杂的砷赋存状态影响了有价金属的回收，通常需预脱砷再分步回收其他金属。以某含砷烟尘为原料，其有价金属含量为铜3.68%、铅12.97%、锌5.50%、铋4.48%、镉3.61%和钼0.84%，而砷为4.71%。物相组成主要有PbSO4、As_2O3、Pb_9As_4S15、CuS和CdSO4·H_2O等。探讨了含砷烟尘在NaOH-H_2O、NaOH-H_2O2-H_2O和NaOH-Na_2S-H_2O三种体系下的碱浸效果，并详细考察了NaOH-Na_2S-H_2O体系下各因素对砷浸出行为的影响，得到了较优试验条件：NaOH浓度150 g/L、Na_2S用量18%(相对于含砷烟尘)、固液比1∶6、反应温度70℃、反应时间5 h。在此优化条件下，砷和钼均具有较高的浸出率，分别为95.60%和97.94%；而锌有28.67%被浸出至溶液中。其他金属如铜、铅、铋、镉和铟等，则几乎不被浸出或浸出率很低。
Abstract：Arsenic-containing dust is a common by-product in the non-ferrous metal smelting industry, especially in the copper, lead and zinc smelting industry, which often contains various valuable metals such as lead, zinc, copper and bismuth and thereby possessing significant recovery value. However, the dust frequently contains a relatively high amount of arsenic, and the presence and complex occurrence forms of arsenic complicate the recovery and high-value utilization of these valuable metals. For the recovery of valuable metals in arsenic-containing dust, it is often necessary to remove arsenic in advance and recovery other valuable metals in a step-by-step manner. The main methods for arsenic removal from arsenic-containing dust include pyrometallurgical technology, hydrometallurgical technology, and combined pyrometallurgical-hydrometallurgical technology. In this paper, a certain arseniccontaining dust was used as the raw material. Firstly, its chemical elements analysis and characterization analysis were carried out. The main valuable metal elements in this arsenic-containing dust are copper, lead, zinc, bismuth, cadmium and molybdenum, with contents of 3.68%, 12.97%, 5.50%, 4.48%, 3.61% and 0.84% respectively, while the arsenic content is 4.71%, and the phase of the arsenic-containing dust is relatively complex, mainly including PbSO4, As_2O3, Pb9 As_4S15, CuS, and CdSO4· H_2O, etc. And then, the experiment investigates the leaching effect of arsenic-containing dust in three systems: NaOH-H_2O, NaOH-H_2O2-H_2O and NaOH-Na_2S-H_2O. A detailed examination was conducted on the influence of various factors on arsenic leaching behavior in the NaOH-Na_2S-H_2O system. The optimized experimental conditions are determined as follows: NaOH concentration of 150 g/L, Na_2S dosage of 18%(relative to the arsenic-containing dust), solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶6, reaction temperature of 70 ℃, and reaction time of 5 hours. Under these optimized conditions, both arsenic and molybdenum exhibite high leaching rates of 95.60% and 97.94%, respectively, while zinc showes a leaching rate of 28.67%. Other metals, such as copper, lead, bismuth, cadmium, and indium, are either scarcely leached or exhibite minimal leaching rates. The arsenic content can be reduced from 4.71% to 0.48% with a significant arsenic removal effect. The precipitation test of arsenic used by polyferric sulfatein the alkaline leaching solution was carried out. The obtained results indicate that under the reaction conditions of Fe/As molar ratio of 5.5, reaction temperature of 25 ℃, and reaction time of 0.5 h, the arsenic concentration in the alkaline leaching solution can be reduced from 7.95 g/L to 6.3 mg/L, and the arsenic precipitation rate can reach 99.95% with a significant arsenic precipitation effect. The arsenic-precipitated solution can be returned to the alkaline leaching process for recycling. All the results generated from this work will provide fundamentals for application to pre-removal of arsenic from arsenic-containing dust in the non-ferrous metals industry.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2026.01.001
中图分类号:TF803.21;X758
引用信息:
[1]李田玉,黄凌云,高文成,等.含砷烟尘中砷在NaOH-Na_2S-H_2O体系的浸出行为[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2026(01):1-8.DOI:10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2026.01.001.
基金信息:
广西科技重大专项（桂科AA22068078）; 青海省重大科技专项（2024-GX-A4）~~
2026-01-02
2026-01-02