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镁渣是镁冶炼过程产生的一种工业固体废物，当前主要以堆存方式处置，存在环境和健康风险。本研究旨在将其作为原料，制备高强度轻质泡沫砌块，以实现资源化利用。首先对镁渣进行预蒸压处理，以解决其体积安定性隐患；随后将处理后的镁渣与添加剂混合制成浆料，并与发泡剂产生的泡沫混合，浇筑为泡沫砌块。然后对砌块进行CO2碳化养护，碳化养护后对砌块进行不同温度下的蒸压养护。重点探讨了蒸压温度对砌块物相组成与微观结构的调控作用，及其对抗压强度的影响。结果表明，蒸压处理可促进砌块内部C-S-H凝胶的生成，填充砌块内部孔洞；在160℃下蒸压10 h后，干密度为950～1 050 kg/m3的砌块可获得11.3 MPa的抗压强度，较未经蒸压处理的砌块提升48.68%，远超国标要求。
Abstract：Magnesium and magnesium alloys have attracted increasing attention worldwide due to their outstanding properties, such as low density, high specific strength and stiffness, and easy recyclability. According to statistics, the global production of primary magnesium in 2024 is approximately 1.12 million tons. Magnesium slag is an industrial solid waste generated during magnesium smelting, currently is disposed of mainly by stockpiling, which poses environmental and health risks. This study aims to utilize it as a raw material for producing high-strength lightweight foamed blocks to achieve resource recovery. To address the volume stability risk caused by overburned MgO in magnesium slag, the raw slag was first subjected to pre-autoclaving(dry steam treatment) at 160 ℃ for 10 hours. The results indicate that this process effectively converts MgO into Mg(OH)2, thereby eliminating stability concerns. On this basis, the treated magnesium slag was mixed with additives such as silica fume to form a slurry, which was cast into molds via physical foaming. After demolding, the blocks underwent carbonation curing in a pure CO2 atmosphere at 0.3 MPa for 12 hours, followed by autoclaving at different temperatures(100–180 ℃) for 10 hours. The influence of autoclaving temperature on the composition, microstructure, and properties of the blocks was systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that autoclaving significantly promotes the formation of C-S-H gel and optimizes the microstructure of the blocks. At 100–140 ℃, C-S-H gel formation is limited, and the pore structure remains dominated by large pores. However, when the temperature is increased to 160–180 ℃, a substantial amount of C-S-H gel is generated, filling interparticle pores, significantly refining the pore structure, and transforming large pores into mesopores. The proportion of harmless pores(<20 nm) increases, while less harmful pores(20–100 nm) decreases, leading to a remarkable improvement in material density. Notably, blocks autoclaved at 160 ℃ achieves the highest compressive strength of 11.3 MPa at a dry density of 950–1 050 kg/m3, representing a 48.68% increase compared to non-autoclaved blocks(7.6 MPa). Microstructural analysis further reveals that the reaction between silica gel and surrounding calcium carbonate during autoclaving is key to enhancing strength and densifying the structure. Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirm that the 160 ℃ autoclaved samples exhibit the highest C-S-H gel content and the most stable structure. This study successfully validates the feasibility of the "pre-autoclaving carbonation and autoclaving" process for high-value resource utilization of magnesium slag, addressing both volume stability issues and significantly improving the mechanical properties of the blocks, thereby providing a reliable technical pathway for its resource recovery.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2026.05.011
中图分类号:TU522.3
引用信息:
[1]李晓峰,朱永鹏,刘金辉.蒸压处理对镁渣轻质砌块组成及性能的影响[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2026(05):1068-1080.DOI:10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2026.05.011.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3701102)~~
2025-11-05
2025
2025-11-27
2025-12-01
2025
1
2026-05-11
2026-05-11