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磷石膏（PG）是磷酸生产过程中的副产品，全球产量巨大，中国是其主要生产国。中国PG年产量已达0.75亿t，全球累计堆积量超过60亿t。大量堆积的PG不仅占用土地资源，还带来水、土壤和空气污染等环境风险，阻碍了磷化工行业的可持续发展。然而，由于PG的物理化学性质与天然石膏相似，其在建筑行业等领域的资源化利用具有潜力，可用于生产各式建筑材料。本研究聚焦于PG的煅烧工艺，旨在研究现阶段将其转化为β-半水石膏（β-HPG）和Ⅱ型无水石膏等高价值建筑材料的工艺。研究探讨了传统煅烧方法以及更先进的流化床煅烧技术。此外，还探索了煅烧-酸浸联合处理等创新方法，以提高PG利用的质量和效率。煅烧过程可分为脱水、分解和相变三个阶段，温度控制对最终产品性能至关重要。研究表明，流化床煅烧和两步流化床煅烧在效率和产品稳定性方面表现优异，低温慢烧工艺提高了产品的均匀性并降低了能耗。煅烧-酸浸联合处理显著提高了PG的白度和纯度，使其适用于高附加值应用。优化后的煅烧工艺可有效将PG转化为高质量建筑材料，为PG的资源化利用提供了新途径，有助于磷化工行业的可持续发展。
Abstract：Phosphogypsum(PG), a by-product of phosphoric acid production, is generated in large quantities globally, with China being the leading producer. The annual production of PG in China has reached 75 million tons, and the global cumulative accumulation has exceeded 6 billion tons. The massive stockpiling of PG not only occupies land resources but also poses significant environmental risks such as water, soil, and air pollution,thereby hindering the sustainable development of the phosphorus chemical industry. However,due to its physicochemical properties being similar to natural gypsum, PG has potential for resource utilization, particularly in the construction industry, where it can be used to produce various building materials. This study focuses on the calcination processes of PG, aiming to explore current methods for its conversion into valuable building materials such as β-hemihydrate gypsum(β-HPG) and anhydrite Ⅱ. The calcination of PG involves three critical stages:dehydration,decomposition,and phase transformation. Temperature control is essential in each stage to determine the final product's properties. Traditional calcination techniques, including kettle calcination and rotary kiln calcination, have been widely used but are limited by high energy consumption, uneven heat transfer, and large equipment investments. Advanced methods like fluidized bed calcination and two-step fluidized bed calcination have demonstrated superior efficiency and product stability. These methods utilize low-temperature slow calcination, which improves the uniformity of the product and reduces energy consumption. The calcination-acid leaching combined treatment significantly enhances the whiteness and purity of PG,making it suitable for high-value applications. The results indicate that optimized calcination processes can effectively convert PG into high-quality building materials. For instance, β-HPG produced through fluidized bed calcination exhibits excellent hydration activity and mechanical properties, making it a viable alternative to natural gypsum in construction applications. Furthermore, the integration of additives such as fly ash, lime, and foaming agents in β-HPG-based composites improves their performance, offering new pathways for the resource utilization of industrial byproducts. Innovative approaches such as calcination-acid leaching combined treatment have been developed to enhance the quality and efficiency of PG utilization. This method involves calcining PG at 600 ℃ for 70 minutes, followed by acid leaching with 1. 5 mol/L sulfuric acid at 90 ℃ for two hours. This process significantly increases the whiteness of PG from 51. 5% to 92. 7%, making it suitable for high-value applications such as PVC fillers and plastering materials.The study also highlights the importance of controlling calcination temperature and time to optimize the transformation of PG into valuable products. In conclusion, the study highlights the potential of advanced calcination technologies in addressing the challenges associated with PG utilization. The development of low-energy, high-efficiency calcination processes, coupled with innovative purification techniques, can significantly enhance the value and applicability of PG in the construction and industrial sectors. Future research should focus on further optimizing these processes, exploring new applications, and developing integrated systems for large-scale PG resource utilization, thereby contributing to the sustainable development of the phosphorus chemical industry.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2025.05.022
中图分类号:TQ177.375
引用信息:
[1]楼思迪,曾彦琦,任浏祎,等.磷石膏煅烧工艺研究进展[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2025(05):194-203.DOI:10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2025.05.022.
基金信息:
湖北省科技重大专项（2022ACA004-5）; 荆门市重大科技攻关揭榜挂帅项目（20231h0228）
2025-02-25
2025
2025-03-09
2025-03-09
2025
1
2025-04-25
2025-04-25