| 429 | 4 | 389 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
我国铂资源短缺问题严峻，铂在化工、石油精炼、汽车尾气处理等行业不可或缺。原生铂矿储量有限、开采难，开采冶炼耗能多、成本高，还易导致矿区地表塌陷、植被破坏、废渣废水污染等环境问题。而废铂催化剂含大量铂金属，回收后可重复再利用。经济上，回收铂族金属能减少原生铂矿依赖，且成本低，企业效益高；环境方面，避免资源过度索取与环境破坏，降低废弃物排放，契合资源循环与环保理念，有利于我国可持续发展。介绍了从铂族二次资源中回收铂的方法，重点介绍浸出及溶液中铂富集的工艺和相应的优势和不足，以及目前主流的回收方法和对未来回收铂的展望。
Abstract：The shortage of platinum resources in China is serious. Platinum is indispensable in chemical industry,petroleum refining, automobile exhaust treatment and other industries. The primary platinum ore reserves are limited, mining is difficult, mining and smelting energy consumption is high, the cost is high, and it is also easy to cause environmental problems such as surface subsidence, vegetation deterioration, waste residue and wastewater pollution in the mining area. The waste platinum catalyst contains a large amount of platinum and can be reused after recovery. Economically, the recovery of platinum group metals can reduce the dependence on primary platinum ore, and the cost is low and the enterprise benefit is high; In terms of environment, avoiding excessive resource demand and environmental damage, reducing waste discharge, complying with the concept of resource recycling and environmental protection, which is conducive to China's sustainable development. The methods of recovering platinum from platinum group secondary resources were introduced, with emphasis on the leaching and platinum enrichment processes and the corresponding advantages and disadvantages, as well as the current mainstream recovery methods and the prospect of platinum recovery in the future.
[1]JHA M K,LEE J C,KIM M S,et al.Hydrometallurgical recovery/recycling of platinum by the leaching of spent catalysts:a review[J].Hydrometallurgy,2013,133:23-32.
[2]DING Y J,ZHENG H D,ZHANG S G,et al.Highly efficient recovery of platinum,palladium,and rhodium from spent automotive catalysts via iron melting collection[J].Resources Conservationand Recycling,2020,155:104644.DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104644.
[3]KINAS S,JERMAKOWICZ-BARTKOWIAK D,DZIMITROWICZ A,et al.On the path of recovering platinum-group metals and rhenium:a review on the recent advances in secondary-source and waste materials processing[J].Hydrometallurgy,1024,223:106222.DOI:10.1016/j.hydromet.2023.106222.
[4]HOSSEINZADEH M,PETERSEN J.Recovery of Pt,Pd,and Rh from spent automotive catalysts through combined chloride leaching and ion exchange:a review[J].Hydrometallurgy,2024,228:106360.DOI:10.1016/j.hydro met.2024.106360.
[5]KARIM S,TING Y P.Recycling pathways for platinum group metals from spent automotive catalyst:a review on conventional approaches and bio-processes[J].Resources Conservation and Recycling,2021,170:105588.DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105588.
[6]DONG H G,ZHAO J C,CHEN J L,et al.Recovery of platinum group metals from spent catalysts:a review[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2015,145:108-113.
[7]PADAMATA S K,YASINSKIY A S,POLYAKOV P V,et al.Recovery of noble metals from spent catalysts:a review[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science,2020,51(5):2413-2435.
[8]杨壮,郭宇峰,王帅,等.铂族金属二次资源火法回收技术现状及进展[J].贵金属,2022,43(1):76-85.YANG Z,GUO Y F,WANG S,et al.Current status and progress of pyrometallurgical recovery technology for secondary resources of platinum group metals[J].Precious Metals,2022,43(1):76-85.
[9]YAKOUMIS I,MOSCHOVI A,PANOU M,et al.Single-step hydro metallurgical method for the platinum group metals leaching from commercial spent automotive catalysts[J].Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy,2020,6(2):259-268.
[10]PAIVA A P,ORTET O,CARVALHO G I,et al.Recovery of palladium from a spent industrial catalyst through leaching and solvent extraction[J].Hydrometallurgy,2017,171:394-401.
[11]MAHMOUD M H H.Leaching platinum-group metals in a sulfuric acid/chloride solution[J].JOM.2003,55(4):37-40.
[12]De ABERASTURI D J,PINEDO R,De LARRAMENDI I R,et al.Recovery by hydrometallurgical extraction of the platinum-groupmetals from car catalytic converters[J].Minerals Engineering,2011,24(6):505-513.
[13]DEMARCO J D,CADORE J S,VEIT H M,et al.Leaching of platinum group metals from spent automotive catalysts using organic acids[J].Minerals Engineering,2020,159:106634.DOI:10.1016/j.mineng.2020.a06634.
[14]ILYAS S,SRIVASTAVA R R,KIM H,et al.Hydro metallurgical recycling of palladium and platinum from exhausted diesel oxidation catalysts[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2020,248:117029.DOI:10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117029.
[15]HARJANTO S,CAO Y,SHIBAYAMA A,et al.Leaching of Pt,Pd and Rh from automotive catalyst residue in various chloride based solutions[J].Materials Transactions,2006,47(1):129-135.
[16]GAITA R,AL-BAZI S J.An ion-exchange method for selective separation of palladium,platinum and rhodium from solutions obtained by leaching automotive catalytic converters[J].Talanta,1995,42(2):249-255.
[17]ATIA T A,WOUTERS W,MONFORTE G,et al.Microwave chloride leaching of valuable elements from spent automotive catalysts:understanding the role of hydrogen peroxide[J].Resources Conservation and Recycling,2021,166:105349.DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105349.
[18]ZANJANI A,BAGHALHA M.Factors affecting platinum extraction from used reforming catalysts in iodine solutions at temperatures up to 95℃[J].Hydrometallurgy,2009,97(1/2):119-125.
[19]MENG X H,HAN K N.Recovery of platinum and palladium from spent automobile catalytic converters by leaching with solutions containing halogen salts,ammonium and oxidants[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Recycling of Metals and Engineered Materials,Point Clear,Al,F Nov 12-15,1995.
[20]PATEL A,DAWSON R.Recovery of platinum group metal value via potassium iodide leaching[J].Hydrometallurgy,2015,157:219-225.
[21]MOZHZHUKHINA N,CALUO E J.The correct assessment of standard potentials of reference electrodes in non-aqueous solution[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2017,164(12):A2295-A2297.
[22]WADSWORTH M E,ZHU X,THOMPSON J S,et al.Gold dissolution and activation in cyanide solution:kinetics and mechanism[J].Hydrometallurgy,2000,57(1):1-11.
[23]CHEN J,HUANG K.A new technique for extraction of platinum group metals by pressure cyanidation[J].Hydrometallurgy,2006,82(3/4):164-171.
[24]PANDA R,JHA M K,PATHAK D D.Commercial processes for the extraction of platinum group metals(PGMs)[C]//Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Rare Metal Extraction and Processing Held during the-Minerals-Metals-and-Materia1s-Society(TMS)Annual Meeting,Phoenix,AZ,F Mar 11-15,2018.
[25]HUANG K,CHEN J.Pressure cyanide leaching of platinum-group metals from spent auto-catalysts[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2003,13(6):1559-1564.
[26]SHAMS K,BEIGGY M R,SHIRAZI A G.Platinum recovery from a spent industrial dehydrogenation catalyst using cyanide leaching followed by ion exchange[J].Applied Catalysis A-General,2004,258(2):227-234.
[27]SAGURU C,NDLOVU S,MOROPENG D.A review of recent studies into hydrometallurgical methods for recovering PGMs from used catalytic converters[J].Hydrometallurgy,2018,182:44-56.
[28]LATYUK E,MELAMUD V,LAVRINENKO A,et al.Non-ferrous metals and PGM recovery from low-grade copper-nickel concentrate by bioleaching and further cyanidation[J].Minerals,2022,12(3):340.DOI:10.3390/min12030340.
[29]ZHUANG W Q,FITTS J P,AJO-FRANKLIN C M,et al.Recovery of critical metals using biometallurgy[J].Current Opinion in Biotechnology,2015,33:327-335.
[30]ASGHARI I,MOUSAVI S M,AMIRI F,et al.Bioleaching of spent refinery catalysts:a review[J].Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2013,19(4):1069-1081.
[31]SANTHIYA D,TING Y P.Bioleaching of spent refinery processing catalyst using Aspergillus niger with high-yield oxalic acid[J].Journal of Biotechnology,2005,116(2):171-184.
[32]MALEKIAN H,SALEHI M,BIRIA D.Investigation of platinum recovery from a spent refinery catalyst with a hybrid of oxalic acid produced by Aspergillus niger and mineral acids[J].Waste Management,2019,85:264-271.
[33]KREHULA S,MUSIC S.The influence of platinum(IV)ions on the formation of iron oxides in a highly alkaline medium[J].Journal of Molecular Structure,2011,993(1/2/3):382-389.
[34]LIU K M,QIU Y R,LI Y.Preparation of high purity platinum nitrate using spent Pt-Rh catalyst from the production of nitric acid[J].Journal of Central South University,2023,30(1):85-94.
[35]MATSUMOTO K,YAMAKAWA S,SEZAKI Y,et al.Preferential precipitation and selective separation of Rh(Ⅲ)from Pd(Ⅱ)and Pt(Ⅳ)using 4-alky1anidines as precipitants[J].Acs Omega,2019,4(1):1868-1873.
[36]HE Y,ZHANG X.Determination of gold,platinum and palladium in copper slag by ICP-AES with coprecipitation separation and enrichment[J].Precious Metals,2014,35(2):59-63.
[37]KANO J,KIZUKA T,SHIKANAI F,et al.Structural dynamics of lead nanoparticles with stable metallic surfaces on Pb_xSi_(1-x)TiO_3 prepared by co-precipitation[C]//Proceedings of the 9th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology(IEEE-NANO),Genoa,ITALY,F Jul 26-30,2009.
[38]GOC K,KLUCZKA J,BENKE G,et al.Precipitation of precious metals concentrates from post-elution solutions from ion-exchange processes[J].Minerals,2024,14(6):625.DOI:10.3390/min14060625.
[39]JYOTHI R K,LEE J Y,KIM J S,et al.Liquid-liquid extraction of platinum from acidic solutions:a review[J].Solvent Extraction Research and Development-Japan,2009,16:13-22.
[40]SAITO K,TANINAKA I,YAMAMOTO Y,et al.Liquid-liquid extraction of platinum(Ⅱ)with cyclic tetrathioethers[J].Talanta,2000,51(5):913-919.
[41]ZHU P,GU G B,QU Z P,et al.The pilot test of Pt-Pd and Pt-Rh feeds extracted and separated with a new sulfoxide extractant[J].Rare Metals,2006,25(2):99-105.
[42]POSPIECH B.Studies on platinum recovery from solutions after leaching of spent catalysts by solvent extraction[J].Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing,2012,48(1):239-246.
[43]COSTA M C,ASSUNCAO A,DA COSTA A M R,et al.Liquid-liquid extraction of platinum from chloride media by N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dicyclohexy ltetradecylmalonamide[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,2013,31(1):12-23.
[44]WANG S X,XU Y,WU W F,et al.Causes of coextraction behavior of a small amount of platinum(Ⅱ)in extracting palladium(Ⅱ)with sulfide[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2016,45:63-67.
[45]SUN P P,KIM T Y,MIN B J,et al.Recovery of platinum from chloride leaching solutions of spent reforming catalysts by ion exchange[J].Materials Transactions,2015,56(5):738-742.
[46]IZATT S R,BRUENING R L,IZATT N E.Metal separations and recovery in the mining industry[J].JOM,2012,64(11):1279-1284.
[47]SCHOEMAN E,BRADSHAW S M,AKDOGAN G,et al.The extraction of platinum and palladium from a synthetic cyanide heap leach solution with strong base anion exchange resins[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2017,162:27-35.
[48]LEE J C,KURNIAWAN,HONG H J,et al.Separation of platinum,palladium and rhodium from aqueous solutions using ion exchange resin:a review[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2020,246:116896.DOI:10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116896.
[49]LIU Z,SHEN W,ZHU Z,et al.Study on the adsorption separation of 1,3-propanediol fermentation broth by ion exchange resin[J].Applied Chemical Industry,2020,49(1):28-33.
[50]FEI Z H,LIU Z T,DU Z,et al.Adsorption of alkylimidazole from water with weak acidic adsorption resin[J].Polymer Materials Science&Engineering,2008,24(11):87-90.
[51]LI A M,ZHANG Q X,CHEN J L,et al.Adsorption of phenolic compounds on Amberlite XAD-4 and its acetylated derivative MX-4[J].Reactive&Functional Polymers,2001,49(3):225-233.
基本信息:
DOI：10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2025.02.003
中图分类号:TF83
引用信息:
[1]严思亮,刘文,杨泉,等.铂族金属的回收及溶液中铂的富集[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2025(02):35-43.DOI:10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2025.02.003.
基金信息:
中央引导地方科技发展资金资助项目（202407AB110022）; 云南贵金属实验室科技计划项目（YPML-20240502101）; 云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”产业创新人才项目（云发改人事[2019]1096号）
2024-12-15
2024
2024-12-16
2024-12-16
2024
1
2025-01-23
2025-01-23