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为探究铅锌冶炼场地土壤重金属污染现状及迁移特征，以某铅锌冶炼遗留场地为研究对象，在不同功能区采集土壤表层及剖面样品，分析土壤中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Cr和Ni等6种重金属元素的总量和水溶态含量，解析不同功能区土壤重金属污染状态及迁移特征。结果表明：铅锌冶炼场地不同功能区土壤重金属总量均超过当地土壤背景值，其中Cd、Pb平均含量分别达背景值的384.0和63.5倍。此外，水溶态重金属含量均未超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)。剖面样品分析显示，土壤中重金属浓度随着地层深度的增加呈减少的趋势，主要与地表硬化和土壤pH有关。地累积指数法评价结果表明：除Cr和Ni属于清洁水平外，冶炼场地不同功能区Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn均呈现不同程度的污染。此外，不同功能区土壤污染程度由高到低顺序为：厂区林地>大门>生产区>办公区>对照点，其中厂区林地和厂区大门受人工填土、废液、废气、废渣等影响达到强污染水平。
Abstract：In order to understand the pollution status and vertical migration of heavy metals in soil in Pb/Zn smelter, topsoil and profile soil samples were collected from different functional area of a Pb/Zn smelter.The total and water-soluble Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni in these soil samples were determined, which can verify the pollution status and migration characteristics of soil heavy metals in different functional areas.The results show that the total content of heavy metals in soil in different functional areas all higher than the local environmental background value, and the mean content of Cd and Pb is 384.0 and 63.5 times of the background value.The water-soluble content of heavy metals in these soil samples all within the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water of China(GB 3838—2002).The results of profiles soil samples indicate that heavy metals contents in soil drop with the increase of depth, which can be attributed to the hardened ground and high soil pH value.The geoaccumulation index reveals that Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in different functional areas are polluted to different degrees, except for Cr and Ni(unpolluted).The pollution load index reveals that the order of soil pollution degree in different functional areas is: forest land>gate of the smelter>production area>office area>control area, and the forest land and gate of the smelter are strongly polluted due to the impact of the artificial filling, wastewater, waste gas and waste residue.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:X53
引用信息:
[1]韩科,李亚轲,翟丽,等.铅锌冶炼场地不同功能区土壤重金属污染及迁移特征[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2023(01):57-64.
基金信息:
济源市科技攻关项目(20023005); 河南省科技发展计划项目(212102310503)
2022-12-27
2022-12-27