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我国工业上主要采用湿法工艺中的王水溶解法回收铂族金属,但由于其具有溶解时间较长、溶解温度较高的缺点,需要对该工艺进一步优化。以铂铑合金粉末(约含铑10%,铂90%)为原料,通过在自制反应釜中向传统王水溶解体系通入氯气来提高王水氧化铂铑合金的能力,并通过加入铁基离子液体富集反应产物PtCl62-和RhCl63-,从而实现铂铑合金的低温快速溶解。考察了盐酸/硝酸体积比、液固比、液氯用量、反应温度、离子液体用量对铂铑合金溶解速率的影响。结果表明,在最佳反应条件下,铂铑合金全溶时间缩短至1.52h;通过对铂铑合金溶解液进行分离提纯后,得到纯度大于99.95%的铂、铑单质,回收率分别为99.2%和98.6%。对传统王水溶解工艺改进后,溶解效率提升了约78.29%,本方法在工业上应用具有很大潜力。
Abstract：In China,aqua regia,aprocess of wet process,is mainly used to recover platinum group metals(PGMs).However,due to its disadvantages of longer dissolution time and higher dissolution temperature,this process needs to be further optimized.Using Pt-Rh alloys powder(containing about 10% Rh and 90% Pt)as raw material,chlorine gas was added into traditional solution system of aqua regia in a self-made reactor to improve oxidizing ability of Pt-Rh alloys.By adding iron based ionic liquid to enrich reaction products of PtCl62- and RhCl63-,rapid dissolution of Pt-Rh alloy at low temperature was realized.Effects of aqua regia composition,L/S,chlorine consumption,reaction temperature and ionic liquid dosage on dissolution rate of Pt-Rh alloys were investigated.The results show that solution time of Pt-Rh alloys is shortened to 1.52 hunder the optimal reaction conditions.Purity of platinum and rhodium is more than 99.95%,and recoveries are 99.2% and 98.6%,respectively.Therefore,dissolution efficiency rises by about 78.29% after traditional process was improved.This study has great potential for industrial application.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TF83
引用信息:
[1]秦钊,王丹,朱祖涛,等.水溶液氯化法高效溶解铂铑合金[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2021(09):60-67.
基金信息:
重庆市科技创新与应用开发重点项目（cstc2019jscx-fxydX0024）; 国家自然科学基金资助项目（21978027）
2021-09-01
2021-09-01