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混合稀土高温硫酸焙烧时，烟气成分复杂，现有烟气处理系统对H_2S气体未能有效处理。基于此，考察硫酸与黄铁矿在不同条件下的分解与H_2S的生成机理。浓硫酸在还原条件下H_2S与SO2的生成量随着温度下降、流量与气体中氧含量减少而增加，但是SO3生成条件与H_2S、SO2的相反，因此为有效控制硫酸生成H_2S的量，应提高供气量、降低反应温度与增加气体中氧含量。降低反应温度或增加空气流量会降低炉内温度，导致稀土矿物与钍矿物反应不彻底，得不到目标矿相。因此，在生产中可以适当提高鼓风中氧气含量，即富氧鼓风，可有效避免硫酸还原生成H_2S的现象。室温下黄铁矿与稀硫酸生成硫酸亚铁、硫磺及硫化氢气体；在使用浓硫酸时，黄铁矿生成硫酸铁、二氧化硫、单质硫，没有产生硫化氢气体，这主要是由于浓硫酸具有较强的氧化性。空气气氛下硫化铁、浓硫酸与碳混合物在500℃反应，生成磁铁矿与硫化氢，而在富氧空气中仍然生成硫化氢、氧化铁。因此，在还原剂存在的条件下减少原料中黄铁矿的含量可有效减少H_2S的产生。
Abstract：When mixed rare earth is roasted with sulfuric acid at high temperature, the flue gas composition is complex, and the existing flue gas treatment system cannot effectively treat H_2S gas. Based on this, the decomposition of sulfuric acid and pyrite under different conditions and the formation mechanism of H_2S were investigated. Under the reduction condition and addition of concentrated sulfuric acid,the production amount of H_2S and SO2 increases with the decrease of temperature, flow rate and oxygen content in the gas, but the formation condition of SO3 is opposite to that of H_2S and SO2. Therefore, in order to effectively control the amount of H_2S generated by sulfuric acid, the gas supply should be increased, the reaction temperature should be lowered and the oxygen content in the gas should be increased. Reducing the reaction temperature or increasing the air flow will reduce the temperature in the furnace, resulting in incomplete reaction between rare earth minerals and thorium minerals,and no target mineral phase can be obtained. Therefore, in the production, the oxygen content of the blast can be appropriately increased, that is, the oxygen-rich blast, which can effectively avoid the phenomenon of sulfuric acid reduction to produce H_2S. At room temperature, pyrite and dilute sulfuric acid produce ferrous sulfate, sulfur and hydrogen sulfide gas; In concentrated sulfuric acid, pyrite produces iron sulfate, sulfur dioxide, elemental sulfur, and no hydrogen sulfide gas, which is mainly due to the strong oxidation of concentrated sulfuric acid.The reaction of iron sulfide, concentrated sulfuric acid and carbon mixture at 500 ℃ in an air atmosphere generates magnetite and hydrogen sulfide, while hydrogen sulfide and iron oxide are still generated in oxygen-rich air.Therefore, in the presence of reducing agents, the content of pyrite in raw materials should be reduced to effectively reduce the production of H_2S.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2025.04.029
中图分类号:X701
引用信息:
[1]孟玉琴,尹亮,杨锦锋,等.稀土硫酸焙烧烟气中H_2S的产生机制研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2025(04):261-272.DOI:10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2025.04.029.
基金信息:
中央领导地方科技发展资金资助项目（2023-0401-0076）; 甘肃省科技重大专项（22ZD6GA008）
2024-10-29
2024
2024
2024-11-12
2024-11-13
1
2025-03-25
2025-03-25