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以江西某铜矿区产生的酸性矿山废水（AMD）为对象，探究了8种植物对其的净化效果。结果表明：8种植物均能显著提升AMD的pH，从初始pH的5提升至6.5～7.2，其中八宝景天对AMD的pH提升效果最佳。AMD中重金属去除方面，狗牙根对Cu、Cd的去除率最高，分别达到95%和92%，紫花苜蓿对Pb的去除率达到97%。黑麦草对Cu、Cd的富集效果显著，富集量分别高达31 228.75、708.72 mg/kg；八宝景天对Pb的富集量最高，为667.71mg/kg。8种植物中，香薷草对Pb、黑麦草对Cd、紫花苜蓿对Cu具有较好的转运能力。本研究为酸性复合重金属污染水体的植物修复提供了数据支撑。
Abstract：Acid mine drainage(AMD) is characterized by a low pH value and a high concentration of heavy metal ions, which poses a severe threat to the surrounding ecological environment. In this study, the AMD generated from a waste rock dump of a copper mine in Jiangxi province was taken as the research object, and the purification effects of eight restoration plants, namely Festuca arundinacea, Cynodon dactylon, Lolium perenne, Medicago sativa,Sedum spectabile, Elsholtzia ciliata, Solanum nigrum, and Ophiopogon japonicus, on AMD were comparatively investigated. The research results show that all eight restoration plants can significantly increase the pH value of AMD, raising it from the initial pH of 5 to the range of 6.5–7.2. Among them, Sedum spectabile has the most remarkable effect on increasing the pH value. In terms of heavy metal removal, different plants exhibit significant differences. Cynodon dactylon has the highest removal rates for Cu and Cd, reaching 95% and 92% respectively.Medicago sativa has a Pb removal rate as high as 97%, and Elsholtzia ciliata, Solanum nigrum and Medicago sativa also show good Pb-removal effects. Regarding the heavy-metal enrichment capacity, Lolium perenne has a Cu enrichment amount of 31 228.75 mg/kg, showing a significant advantage in Cu enrichment. In terms of Cd enrichment, Lolium perenne, Cynodon dactylon, and Medicago sativa rank among the top three, with Lolium perenne having an extremely high Cd enrichment amount of 708.72 mg/kg. Sedum spectabile has the highest Pb enrichment amount, which is 667.71 mg/kg. In addition, Elsholtzia ciliata, Medicago sativa and Lolium perenne have relatively high translocation factors for heavy metals Cu, Cd, and Pb. The translocation factor of Elsholtzia ciliata for Pb is significantly higher than that of other plants. The translocation factor of Lolium perenne for Cd is greater than 1, indicating a strong translocation ability. Medicago sativa has a relatively high translocation factor for Cu.This study systematically explores the purification effects, enrichment, and translocation characteristics of the eight restoration plants on heavy metals in AMD. The results can provide strong support for the phytoremediation of acid water bodies contaminating complex heavy metals, offering valuable references for future research and practical applications in this field.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2025.10.018
中图分类号:X751;X173
引用信息:
[1]郭靖,董颖博,刘俊飞,等.不同植物对酸性矿山废水中重金属的富集能力对比研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2025(10):189-196.DOI:10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2025.10.018.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3207300）
2025-04-03
2025
2025-07-15
2025-07-16
2025
1
2025-09-28
2025-09-28